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On July 31st local time, U.S. President Trump signed an executive order, setting "reciprocal tariff" rates on multiple countries and regions, with specific rates ranging from 10% to 41%, and the effective date was postponed to August 7th. This move has once again stirred up the global trade situation, attracting widespread attention.

According to the executive order, Syria is subject to the highest "reciprocal tariff" rate of 41%; Myanmar and Laos are 40%; Switzerland is 39%; Algeria is 30%; India is 25%; Vietnam is 20%; the Philippines, Thailand, and Cambodia are 19%; Brazil and the United Kingdom have the lowest tariffs, set at 10%. Most countries and regions have a tariff rate of 15%, including Japan, South Korea, Israel, and Turkey. For EU countries, if the current tariff on goods is lower than 15%, it will be supplemented to 15%; if it is higher than 15%, no additional tariffs will be imposed. The executive order also states that unlisted countries will uniformly apply a 10% tariff rate. If any country or region evades tariffs through transshipment via a third place, their goods will be subject to a 40% transshipment tax.

Shortly before, the White House stated that Trump had signed an executive order, increasing the tariff rate on Canada from 25% to 35%, effective from August 1st. The White House statement said that this tax increase was "to respond to Canada's continued inaction and retaliatory behavior".

Since Trump launched the "reciprocal tariff" plan in April, more than 70% of countries and regions around the world have been dragged into the tariff war. The U.S. government, on the one hand, issued "ultimatums" to various countries, and on the other hand, repeatedly delayed the implementation time of tariffs. Previously, the suspension period for imposing tariffs on most countries expired on August 1st, and this "collective tax increase" move at the end of July was regarded as a new round of "ultimatum" from the White House. As of July 31st, among the 26 countries and organizations named by Trump in July, 5 countries and organizations including Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the EU have clearly reached agreements with the United States.

However, these agreements have aroused much criticism within the relevant countries. French President Emmanuel Macron criticized the EU for not being strong enough in the negotiations and failing to make the United States feel afraid; Alice Weidel, leader of the Alternative for Germany, said that the trade agreement reached between the EU and the United States was a "Trump agreement" and that the EU was cheated; Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán sarcastically said that Trump "ate" EU negotiator Ursula von der Leyen; Japanese opposition leader Yoshihiko Noda also expressed concern about the U.S.-Japan trade agreement, fearing that the United States would put forward more demands later.

There are also voices of opposition to these agreements within the United States. U.S. Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer 怒斥 that the agreement reached by the White House is a "false agreement", emphasizing that it is U.S. consumers who pay the tariffs, and the tariff agreement with the EU alone will "cause American families to pay an additional $90 billion in taxes every year".

Nobel laureate in economics Paul Krugman recently wrote an article criticizing U.S. tariff policies, citing data that when tariffs rise, import prices 反而 rise, leading to an increase in U.S. import costs, and the cost is borne by U.S. importers. Currently, the United States is experiencing high-cost inflation, and the soaring costs will be passed on to consumers. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) released a report warning that affected by factors such as U.S. tariffs, the world economy still faces significant risks, and trade tensions harm the world economy. A study by the Washington Center for Equitable Growth found that the Trump administration's tariffs may impact U.S. manufacturing, increasing factory costs by up to 4.5%, and may drag down U.S. economic efficiency in the long run.

Trump's determination of "reciprocal tariff" rates has undoubtedly made the already complex global trade situation more severe. How various countries will respond in the future and to what extent the global economy will be affected remain to be further observed.